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  • Source document: kernel/sched/fifo.md

  • Translation time: 2026-01-05 12:01:34

  • Translation model: hunyuan-turbos-latest

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FIFO Scheduler

   The FIFO (First-In-First-Out) scheduler is a real-time scheduling policy implemented in DragonOS. The FIFO scheduler adopts an advanced-first-out scheduling algorithm to provide deterministic scheduling behavior for real-time tasks.

1. Design Overview

   The FIFO scheduler is designed for real-time tasks, with the following core characteristics:

  1. No time slice mechanism: Once a FIFO task obtains the CPU, it will run continuously until it voluntarily releases the CPU or is preempted by a higher-priority task.

  2. Priority scheduling: Supports 100 priorities from 0 to 99, where a smaller number indicates a higher priority.

  3. Same-priority FIFO: Tasks with the same priority are executed strictly in the order they enter the queue.

2. Data Structures

2.1 FifoRunQueue

   FifoRunQueue is the run queue of the FIFO scheduler, with one instance maintained per CPU.

pub struct FifoRunQueue {
    queues: Vec<VecDeque<Arc<ProcessControlBlock>>>,  // 100个优先级队列
    active: u128,                                      // 优先级位图，快速查找最高优先级
    nr_running: usize,                                 // 运行队列中的进程数
}

Design Highlights:

  • Multi-level queues: Uses 100 VecDeque to store processes of different priorities separately.

  • Bitmap optimization: The active field uses a 128-bit bitmap to record which priority queues are non-empty, quickly locating the highest priority through the trailing_zeros() instruction.

  • O(1) selection: Utilizes the bitmap and deque to achieve O(1) time complexity for the pick_next() operation.

2.2 FifoScheduler

   FifoScheduler implements the Scheduler trait, providing the core logic of the FIFO scheduling policy.

3. Implemented Features

3.1 Basic Scheduling Operations

Function

Functionality

Implementation Status

enqueue()

Add a process to the scheduling queue

✅ Implemented

dequeue()

Remove a process from the scheduling queue

✅ Implemented

pick_next_task()

Select the next process to execute

✅ Implemented

yield_task()

Current process voluntarily yields the CPU

✅ Implemented

3.2 Preemption Mechanism

check_preempt_currnet(): When a new process is awakened, check whether the current process needs to be preempted.

  • If the new process has a higher priority, trigger preemption.

  • Supports preemption between real-time tasks and normal tasks.

tick(): Clock interrupt handling.

  • Check whether a higher-priority task has entered the queue.

  • If so, trigger rescheduling.

3.3 Scheduling Priority

The FIFO scheduler uses a priority range compatible with Linux:

pub const MAX_RT_PRIO: i32 = 100;  // 实时优先级范围 0-99

  • Priority 0: Highest priority.

  • Priority 99: Lowest real-time priority.

  • Priority >=100: Normal processes (CFS scheduling).

3.4 Policy Switching

Through the ProcessManager::set_fifo_policy() interface, it supports switching kernel threads to the FIFO scheduling policy at runtime:

pub fn set_fifo_policy(pcb: &Arc<ProcessControlBlock>, prio: i32) -> Result<(), SystemError>

This function will:

  1. Verify that the process must be a kernel thread (KTHREAD flag).

  2. Verify that the priority is within the valid range (0-99).

  3. Handle the state change of the process in the run queue.

  4. Trigger preemption checks.

4. Scheduling Process

4.1 Process Enqueue

enqueue()
  ↓
计算进程优先级索引
  ↓
加入对应优先级队列尾部
  ↓
更新位图active
  ↓
nr_running++

4.2 Selecting the Next Process

pick_next_task()
  ↓
从位图获取最高优先级（trailing_zeros）
  ↓
返回该优先级队列队首进程

4.3 Preemption Judgment

新进程唤醒 / 时钟中断
  ↓
获取当前进程和新进程优先级
  ↓
if (新进程优先级 < 当前进程优先级):  // 数字越小优先级越高
  ↓
设置重调度标志

5. Demo Functionality

   The demo functionality can be enabled through the fifo_demo feature (kernel/src/sched/fifo_demo.rs), which creates a FIFO-scheduled kernel thread:

  • Sets CPU affinity to Core 0.

  • Sets the FIFO scheduling policy with priority 50.

  • Outputs a log every 5 seconds.

Enabling method: Add the feature in Cargo.toml and call fifo_demo_init().

6. TODO

6.1 Multi-core Support

  • Implement FIFO task load balancing between multiple CPUs.

  • Support setting and migrating CPU affinity for tasks.

6.2 Scheduling Enhancements

  • Implement the SCHED_RR (round-robin) scheduling policy.

  • Support dynamic priority adjustment.

  • Add scheduling latency statistics and monitoring.

6.3 Real-time Guarantees

  • Implement real-time task bandwidth limits.

  • Add priority inheritance mechanism (to prevent priority inversion).

  • Support EDF (Earliest Deadline First) scheduling policy.

6.4 User-space Interface

  • Implement the sched_setscheduler system call.

6.5 Optimization and Debugging

  • Add debugging information output for the FIFO scheduler.

  • Implement a scheduling latency monitoring interface.

  • Optimize bitmap operations to support more priority levels.